Admission for EMBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Confirmation for EMBA - Essay Example 1. I will finish my graduation instruction inside the specified timeframe and accomplish superb scholastic outcomes, gain information on key territories which will help in conditioning up my administration related abilities. I need to effectively finish the Masters in Business Administration course work first inside the course length. . So as to work in a universal association I need to focus on comprehension multi social correspondence. The college offers incredible chance and during my course work I will gain related information. My transient objectives depend fair and square of feasibility they have. Thinking about the present status of my profession my need will be intensely on finishing my Masters in Business Administration course in a powerful way. Over the term of the program I will focus on improving my correspondence, initiative and other such abilities expected of a business chairman in activities of an association. Endless supply of the course I need to have the option to devise a CV that is explicit to the business organization field, which will help improve the possibilities of me accomplishing work in a main association working on a worldwide scale. I will present all business related to course in a way that gives phenomenal outcomes. I will beat all understudies associated with the course. I will utilize openings gave by the college during my instruction to get progressively learned on both the hypothetical and commonsense ideas of the executives. The time size of finishing of my course work must be in correspondence to the end date determined by the University for my business organization Course Work. The advancement that I am ready to accomplish will be constantly estimated on semester premise to guarantee I am in track so as to accomplish my profession objectives. My transient objectives are to go to all course related classes and partake in workshops sorted out at

Biography of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist

Memoir of Bartolomã © de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist Bartolomã © de Las Casas (c. 1484â€July 18, 1566) was a Spanish Dominican monk who got well known for his guard of the privileges of the local individuals of the Americas. His valiant remain against the repulsions of the triumph and the colonization of the New World earned him the title â€Å"Defender of the Native Americans. Las Casas endeavors prompted lawful changes and early discussions about the possibility of human rights. Quick Facts: Bartolomã © de Las Casas Known For: Las Casas was a Spanish pilgrim and minister who pushed for better treatment of Native Americans.Born: c. 1484 in Seville, SpainDied: July 18, 1566 in Madrid, SpainPublished Works: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, Apologetic History of the Indies, History of the Indies Early Life Bartolomã © de Las Casas was brought into the world around 1484 in Seville, Spain. His dad was a trader and was familiar with the Italian traveler Christopher Columbus. Youthful Bartolomã ©, at that point around 9 years of age, was in Seville when Columbus came back from his first journey in 1493; he may have met individuals from the Taã ­no clan that Columbus carried back with him from the Americas. Bartolom㠩’s father and uncle cruised with Columbus on his subsequent journey. The family turned out to be very well off and had property on Hispaniola, an island in the Caribbean. The association between the two families was solid: Bartolomã ©s father in the end mediated with the pope on the matter of making sure about specific rights in the interest of Columbus’s child Diego, and Bartolomã © de Las Casas himself altered Columbus’s travel diaries. Las Casas inevitably concluded that he needed to turn into a minister, and his father’s new riches permitted him to go to the best schools of the period: the University of Salamanca and the University of Valladolid. Las Casas considered group lawâ and inevitably earned two degrees. He exceeded expectations in his investigations, especially Latin, and his solid scholarly foundation served him well in the years to come. First Trip to the Americas In 1502, Las Casas at last went to see the family possessions on Hispaniola. By at that point, the locals of the island had been for the most part stifled, and the city of Santo Domingo was being utilized as a resupply point for Spanish attacks in the Caribbean. The youngster went with the representative on two diverse military missions planned for conciliating those locals who stayed on the island. On one of these outings, Las Casas saw a slaughter of ineffectively furnished locals, a scene he could always remember. He went around the island a lot and had the option to see the unfortunate conditions wherein the locals lived. The Colonial Enterprise and Mortal Sin Throughout the following scarcely any years, Las Casas ventured out to Spain and back a few times, completing his examinations and becoming familiar with the dismal circumstance of the locals. By 1514, he concluded that he could never again be actually engaged with the misuse of the locals and repudiated his family possessions on Hispaniola. He became persuaded that the oppression and butcher of the local populace was a wrongdoing as well as a human sin as characterized by the Catholic Church. It was this iron-clad conviction that would in the long run make him such a firm promoter for reasonable treatment of the locals. First Experiments Las Casas persuaded Spanish specialists to permit him to attempt to spare the couple of outstanding Caribbean locals by removing them from subjugation and setting them in free towns, however the demise of Spains King Ferdinand in 1516 and the subsequent bedlam over his replacement made these changes be postponed. Las Casas likewise requested and got a segment of the Venezuelan terrain for an analysis. He accepted he could placate the locals with religion as opposed to weapons. Shockingly, the area that was chosen had been vigorously attacked by slave brokers, and the natives’ threatening vibe toward the Europeans was too extraordinary to even think about overcoming. The Verapaz Experiment In 1537, Las Casas needed to attempt again to show that locals could be controlled calmly and that viciousness and success were superfluous. He had the option to convince the crown to permit him to send preachers to a district in north-focal Guatemala where the locals had demonstrated especially furious. His analysis worked, and the locals were calmly brought under Spanish control. The trial was called Verapaz, or â€Å"true peace,† and the locale despite everything bears the name. Sadly, when the locale was managed, pilgrims took the terrains and subjugated the locals, fixing practically all of Las Casas’ work. Demise Further down the road, Las Casas turned into a productive author, voyaged much of the time between the New World and Spain, and made partners and foes in all edges of the Spanish Empire. His History of the Indies-a straightforward record of Spanish imperialism and the oppression of the locals was finished in 1561. Las Casas spent his last years living at the College of San Gregorio in Valladolid, Spain. He kicked the bucket on July 18, 1566. Inheritance Las Casas’ early years were set apart by his battle to deal with the detestations he had seen and his comprehension of how God could permit this sort of enduring among the Native Americans. A significant number of his peers accepted that God had conveyed the New World to Spain as an award of sorts to urge the Spanish to keep on taking up arms upon apostasy and excessive admiration as characterized by the Roman Catholic Church. Las Casas concurred that God had driven Spain to the New World, however he saw an alternate explanation behind it: He trusted it was a test. God was trying the devoted Catholic country of Spain to check whether it could be simply and lenient, and in Las Casas’ conclusion, the nation fizzled God’s test pitiably. It is notable that Las Casas battled for equity and opportunity for the New World locals, however it is every now and again ignored that his adoration for his compatriots was similarly as amazing. At the point when he liberated the locals chipping away at the Las Casas family possessions in Hispaniola, he did it as much for his spirit and those of his relatives as he accomplished for the locals themselves. In spite of the fact that generally slandered in the years after his demise for his scrutinizes of imperialism, Las Casas is presently observed as a huge early reformer whose work helped prepare for the freedom religious philosophy development of the twentieth century. Sources Casas, Bartolomã © de las, and Francis Sullivan. Indian Freedom: the Cause of Bartolomã © De Las Casas, 1484-1566: A Reader. Sheed Ward, 1995.Casas, Bartolomã © de las. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Penguin Classics, 2004.Nabokov, Peter. â€Å"Indians, Slaves, and Mass Murder: The Hidden History.† The New York Review of Books, 24 Nov. 2016.

The Best Books Book Rioters Read in April

The Best Books Book Rioters Read in April Every month, we ask Riot contributors to share their favorite reads from the last 30 days. These picks are old and new and yet-to-be-released, and span all genres, so there’s something for everyone! Take a look: American War by Omar El Akka How does this sound: this book is like if Jesamyn Ward wrote The Road. Still need convincing? American War is the story of the second American Civil War, a war that breaks out in 2074 over the use of oil. Now, the North and South are once more divided, Texas has become a part of Mexico again, and China is the the most powerful nation in the world. Sarat is a young girl in Louisiana when the war begins, but when her father is killed, she and her family are moved to a camp for displaced persons. There she sees firsthand what the war does to people, and under the influence of a recruiter, makes a deadly decision about her part in the war. This is one of the most powerful debuts I’ve ever read, and it’s visceral and scary, too, because, as the author said in an interview, “I don’t think there’s much in this book that hasn’t happened; it just happened far away.” Liberty Hardy Black Sheep Boy by Martin Pousson I was lucky enough to interview Martin Pousson a few months ago and we became fast friends, but I’d only had a chance to read a few of the stories in this book at the time, and so I finally sat down with it properly. A novel in stories about a Cajun queer boy growing up in Louisiana, this book is a gorgeous piece of literature. I loved the writing, which swoops melodically around while also being totally coherent (hard to do), and the flavor of Louisiana and Creole and Cajun traditions and their slow loss were incredibly affecting. Ilana Masad Brown Girl Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson Last year I read Another Brooklyn and was bummed out that I couldn’t really get into it. The writing was amazing but the characters felt distant. Still, I had heard only good things about Brown Girl Dreaming, so I decided to give it a try. I’m glad I did! Whatever prevented me from connecting Another Brooklyn was clearly not present in Brown Girl Dreaming. The writing is elegantly simple, making it accessible to readers of every age. Woodson’s vignettes of her childhood growing up during the Civil Rights Movement in New York and South Carolina are powerful and heartfelt. I highly recommend the audiobook, which is narrated by the author. Kate Scott Borne by Jeff VanderMeer Trust me: you are going to be hearing about this book for the rest of the year. It’s one of the best Sci-Fi/Dystopian hybrids to come out in years. Fans of VanderMeer’s The Southern Reach trilogy are going to eat this up. The book follows a scavenger named Rachel during the recent apocalypse. She and her fellow survivor Wick are threatened by Mord: an impossibly large (flying) bear who destroys everything in his wake. One day, Rachel finds a strange creature embedded in Mord’s fur. She becomes obsessed with this being, whom she names Borne. But who made Borne, and what is its purpose? I’m taking my sweet time reading this because I’m enjoying it so much, I don’t want it to end. The suspense, the dark comedy, the twisted Sci-Fi elementsI can’t wait to see how it ends. Jan Rosenberg Confessions of a Shopaholic by Sophie Kinsella I know: I’m late to the party on this one. This was the perfect feel-good book for traveling and reading with jet lag. It gave me palpitations at times Becky’s misadventures with letters from the bank and credit card companies were distressingly reminiscent of my own 20s. I loved how her situation resolved itself, and I loved her voice and her (again, very familiar) delusions as well as how very British it all was. Claire Handscombe Eliza and Her Monsters by Francesca Zappia (Greenwillow, May 30, 2017) I absolutely adored this book about webcomics, creativity, and the quiet buzz of anxiety, and I think teens will too. Eliza Mirk is the creator of hit webcomic Monstrous Seato the tune of actual merchandise and busy forumsbut you wouldn’t know it from looking at her. She doesn’t breathe a word of it around anyone except her two friends Max and Emmy, and her family doesn’t really get Eliza’s attachment to her phone, tablet, and computer. When a new kid transfers to her high school, Eliza is shocked to find out that not only does Wallace love Monstrous Sea, but he might just be one of the comic’s biggest fans. Eliza is a prickly cinnamon roll of a protagonist, with anxieties that feel almost unbearably real, and her world is small, but no less lived in. Angel Cruz The Garden of Small Beginnings by Abbi Waxman (Berkley, May 2, 2017) Unreliable narrators aren’t always murderers or train passengers. In fact, given that no one is entirely self-aware, any well-written character should have a skewed perspective of her own life and self, even if a book is a comedy about family life and gardening. Lilian Girvan, the central character of The Garden of Small Beginnings, is an illustrator, a mother, a sister, a budding gardener, and a widow, and her perspective on how she’s doing with each role doesn’t always match up with what readers can see around her. But that trait makes her a more interesting and realistic protagonist, and along with the book’s humor and eccentric supporting cast made it a great read. Trisha Brown The Gauntlet by Karuna Riazi This was my most anticipated book of the year and it did not disappoint! In fact, I loved it even more than I expected to. Farah and her friends, brother, family members, and all the people she encounters in The Gauntlet of Blood and Sand are real people who absolutely leapt off the page, and their adventures read in glorious 3D. So magical and lovely. Annika Barranti Klein Ghost by Jason Reynolds This was just a pitch perfect middle grade / youngish YA book that was a total delight from start to finish. I’ve been trying to read some boys marketed to boys to round out my librarian knowledge and this was a great start. I have to say that as someone who has very little interest in sports, I was surprised at how much I liked this story about a 13-year-old urban black kid Castle Crenshaw, aka “Ghost,” joining a track team. More than just a sports story, it was a sensitive, realistic look at a young person dealing with trauma and trying to avoid the crushing effects of racism, poverty, and abuse. But at the same time the novel was never preachy or heavy. It also didn’t provide easy answers, or present sports as a magical solution for black teen boys. Great in audiobook! Casey Stepaniuk Ha’Penny by Jo Walton The second book in Jo Walton’s Small Change trilogy is even better than the first. An alternate history set in a world where Britain made peace with Germany during World War II, shows how people respond as fascist rule begins to take hold following the events in Farthing. Inspector Peter Carmichael of Scotland Yard finds himself chasing terrorists who, it turns out, were planning to kill Hitler, an objective he sympathizes with. At the same time, the politically apathetic actress Viola Lark is preparing for the role of a lifetime in a gender-flipped Hamlet when she is drawn into the bombing plot. Viola’s story appealed to the theatre nerd in me, and Jo Walton does a great job showing how political apathy and a tendency to compromise can lead to disaster. It’s also fascinating how the book worked on me as a reader. I’m used to rooting for the detective and against the terrorists, but this book forces you to rethink all usual loyalties. I’ve started Half a Crown, the final bo ok in the trilogy, and it’s just as good so far. Teresa Preston The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas It seem unnecessary for me to try to explain why this was the best book I read this month, but I’ll try. This was a thought-provoking, wrenching, and immersive read. The characters were well-rounded, and there were so many complex dynamics at play between them. I was sick to my stomach while reading the beginning, then enraged, and cried multiple times. If you’ve been at all on the fence about this, definitely pick up The Hate U Give. It more than lives up to the hype. Danika Ellis Hexbound, Dark Arts Series Book #2 by Bec McMasters A strong and sexy couple, fully developed world and a meaningful continuation of the story arc begun in the first book of the series: Shadowbound Bec McMasters and Hexbound delivered in all areas. Set in an alternate London the series focuses on the HEAs of each of the three sons of the Prime Magician of the Empire. Book Two is the story of Adrian Bishop, one of the aforementioned sons, and Verity Hastings, a teleporting thief and unregistered magic user. Verity steals something left in Adrian’s care, and when she’s attacked in the dark (not in a good way) she offers to help him get it back. Steamy romance and flirtatious banter ensues. Characters from the first book are central to the plot of this one so I’d recommend you read in sequence. I was desperate for some escapism in April and this was exactly what I was looking for. Tara Cheesman The Hole by Hye-Young Pyun (Arcade, August 1, 2017) Just the idea of Korean horror in translation was enough to get me on board with this book. Even better, it’s reminiscent of both Han Kang and Shirley Jackson, a sly and sharp book that only slowly lets you see what it really is. After a car accident that killed his wife, Oghi is almost completely physically incapacitated, unable to move or speak and cared for by his mother-in-law. There is a lot of physical horror here that is troubling all on its own, as Oghi is less a physical being as a set of eyes and a brain watching the world around him, powerless. But as you read, you start to realize that there is more here than what it seems on the surface. There is something sinister that is sometimes seen but sometimes completely hidden. This is the kind of book where the most important story is the one that is never written but only hinted at around the edges. I may pick it back up and read it again just to make sure I’ve caught every little bit. Jessica Woodbury Hunger by Roxane Gay (Harper, June 13, 2017) I was drawn in by Bad Feminist, an essay collection that validated so much of what I was feeling about myself. I read and loved An Untamed State next, and it was beautiful and brutal. When I read that Gay was writing something about her difficult relationship with her body, my immediate reaction was I AM SO THERE FOR THAT, because my relationship with my body is also difficult. When the pub date was pushed back, I felt as if the anticipation was unbearable. The wait was worth it. Within the first page of this egalley, I knew this was a book I would have to own when it officially pubbed. Almost like prose poetry, Gay opens herself up in a way she never has before, splaying herself open on the page as she tackles issues of the body and sexual violence and self-worth. This is a book I know I will return to again and again, like self-affirmation. Like prayer. Steph Auteri I’ll Eat When I’m Dead by Barbara Bourland A delicious read as satisfying as eating a box of my favorite sour, sweet, and juicy candy! Bourland has extracted the magic of contemporary women/”chick-lit” books and woven in a detective mystery novel creating a great read. Think The Devil Wears Prada minus the monster boss, where the women are friends, and activists, and now throw in murder and a hot detective! Sounds good, right? It is! It starts with a locked-room mystery as Hillary Whitney is found dead in a room at her job seemingly having died from starvation… but how? Well that’s what Detective Hutton wants to figure out now that a postcard mailed by Whitney has shown up. Also on the case are two of Whitney’s coworkers/friends, Cat and Bess. But the more everyone digs the more strange things happenincluding another death! Jamie Canaves In the Country We Love: My Family Divided by Diane Guerrero and Michelle Burford I used one of my precious Audible credits to listen to this book by the beautiful Orange is the New Black and Jane the Virgin actress, and my credit was well spent. In today’s current political climate, I think this tale of the way this country has failed immigrants attempting to legally become citizens is very important and should be a mandatory reading for anyone talking in all seriousness about building walls and “bad hombres.” Guerrero’s parents were ripped from her at the tender age of 14 and she was left to fend for herself. In the aftermath, the government did not so much as attempt to ensure that a vulnerable teenager had a safe place to stay and a support system. When you realize how many children must fall through the cracks in this broken system, nevermind the number of families completely destroyed by it, it is utterly heartbreaking. Guererro continues her activism in immigrant reform, but if her only contribution to the cause is this book and the exposure to the system it brought, she has succeeded. Elizabeth Allen The Inquisitors Tale, or The Three Magical Children and Their Holy Dog by Adam Gidwitz, illustrated by Hatam Aly I read this and am simultaneously listening to it on Audible with my daughter. It is a perfectly delightful experience in both formats. In print, I adored the lovely illuminations and marginalia. On audio, the various actors give new layers to an already rich and complex story. The story itself is so sweet and fun and just exactly what I wanted to read right now. I loved it so much, and my daughter is loving it as well. Im a medievalist so this really rang my bell to see a YA medieval fiction that kids might get into. Kristen McQuinn Kindred: A Graphic Adaptation by Octavia Butler, adapted by Damian Duffy with illustrations by John Jennings I came late to Octavia Butler’s work and am making up for lost time. A friend in college suggested Parable of the Sower to me. I read that, really liked it… and then didn’t read any more of her work until recently. I was nervous going into this adaptation of Kindred how on earth could the art do justice to the complexity (and violence) of the original? Reader, it did. The art is beautiful and captures the horror of slavery, Dana’s struggle, and the weird compression of time. At the same time, it doesn’t fetishize the violence that Dana both witnesses and experiences as an African American woman living under slavery. If you’ve read Kindred this is a great companion. If you haven’t read it yet, this adaptation is strong enough to stand on its own. Ashley Bowen-Murphy The Last Neanderthal by Claire Cameron I couldn’t stop thinking about this book after I put it down. Telling the parallel stories of Rosamund Gale, a present-day archaeologist uncovering the find of her career, and Girl, a Neanderthal woman coming of age centuries before her, this novel explores how humans are linkedâ€"by DNA, by history, and by shared experiencesâ€"to our Neanderthal relatives. The scenes set 40,000 years in the past sing with urgency and tension as Girl tries to survive on her own in an unforgiving landscape. While the present-day scenes aren’t quite as compelling, Cameron’s exploration of the ties that bind Girl and Rosamund is incredibly moving and has stayed with me for a long time. Kathleen Keenan Love By the Books by Té Russ I have not shut up about this book since I discovered it looking for romances by authors of color about librarians. This is not about librarians, but the meeting and dorky, bookish courtship of a literary agent and a bookshop owner is all the adjectives: adorable, precious, marvelous, wonderful. Add strong family ties and great friendshipsâ€"including one with an opera singing neighborâ€"and youve got one of the more beautiful depictions of black love in the modern romance universe. (Note: this is self-published through Amazon, and could have used a run through by a copyeditor, but even a healthy smattering of typos didnt take away from my complete adoration of this couple and their story.) Jessica Pryde The Names They Gave Us by Emery Lord (Bloomsbury Children’s, May 16, 2017) I’ve shied away from contemporary YA over the last few years, only rarely dipping my toes back in if someone recs me a specific book. The subgenre has been dominated by first person narrators of late, and that’s something I often struggle to connect with, but I’m always looking for more YA to read. Emery Lord came highly recommended by a friend, so I jumped at the chance to read The Names They Gave Us. It was astonishing. This book is a very tough, emotional read handled with a deft touch and clean, beautiful prose. The world and its ensemble of characters are vivid and diverse, the dialogue is pitch perfect for teenagers, and the feelings ring incredibly true. Kay Taylor Rea The North Water by Ian McGuire A piece of literary fiction that grips like a thriller and reads like an adventure story. It’s a cliche but I really couldn’t put this down, and I finished it over three late-night reading sessions. It follows the voyage of whaling ship in the 1850s, a time when the whaling industry is floundering. However, McGuire cleverly subverts the usual trope of man’s mastery of nature found in earlier stories of exploration. At times brutal, in its descriptions of casual violence and slaughter of wildlife, there are moments of great beauty as the sailors encounter the sea and landscapes of the North Water. The choice of period is inspired. It is is a transitional time between tradition and modernity that allows the exploration of other borders: between spirituality and reason; between the human and bestial. It’s a riveting read, retaining the narrative propulsion of the adventure genre, but dealing with much headier, and interesting, topics. Alex Laffer Piecing Me Together by Renée Watson I loved this book about Jade, a teen girl growing up in a poor neighborhood in Oregon who attends a mostly-white private school. She is invited to an “at-risk” mentorship program called Women to Women, and Jade quickly figures out that just because her mentor is black doesn’t mean they can relate to each other. Jade’s voice is compelling and real, and the book is interspersed with gorgeous poetry (see Chapter 35, Things That are Black and Beautiful). The cover is also stunning artwork done by Bryan Collier which reflects Jade’s artistry and the overall theme of being stitched together and coming undone. I loved this book, and look forward to recommending it over and over again. Karina Glaser The Snow Child by Eowyn Ivey “November was here, and it frightened her because she knew what it brought cold upon the valley like a coming death, glacial wind through the cracks between cabin logs. But most of all, darkness. Darkness so complete even the pale-lit hours would be choked.” That’s the kind of prose that gives me goosebumps. A book with the word snow in the title may seem like an odd choice for April, but Tennessee had such a mild winter I was craving some wintry weather in my life. And The Snow Child did not disappoint. Set in the 1920s Alaska and based on the Russian folktale “The Snow Child,” the novel shivers with wintry weather, magic, and lore. A childless couple, Mable and Jack, move to Alaska after a terrible heartache, hoping to make a new life for themselves. On one wintry evening they build a snow child, and the next day a real child appears in their life. Is this the daughter theyve longed for? Is she human or magical? Or a little of both? Such an amazing first novel. I can’t wait to read her newest, To the Bright Edge of the World. Margaret Kingsbury The Stranger Beside Me: Ted Bundy the Shocking Inside Story by Ann Rule This month I’ve been binge listening to the podcast My Favorite Murder. I’m obsessed. There were a couple of episodes where Karen (one of the hosts) mentioned that she was reading The Stranger Beside Me. I was intrigued. When I picked it up, I couldn’t put it down. Ann Rule was a prolific true crime writer, and this is the work that really put her on the map. Back in the ‘70s, in some weird twist of fate, the serial killer she was writing about turned out to be her friend, Ted. The Stranger Beside Me is a well written and researched insider’s take on Ted Bundy, his murders, and his trial. Not only do we get Bundy’s narrative, but we see the way it impacted Rule’s life. It took her a while to come to terms with Bundy’s guilt, and, when she did, she mourned the man she knew. If you’re interested in true crime and have not yet read this classic, I’d definitely recommend it. Beth O’Brien The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris I re-watched the movie early this month and decided to take a look at the book that spawned what is possible the most perfect crime movie of all time. The book did not disappoint. If anything, it’s even better than the movie. There is very little difference beteen the two plot-wise, though there are simplifications. The book’s prose is as haunting and eerie as the movie. This is one of those books that I can’t imagine people giving less than five stars, it’s just pure quality through and through. The version of the book I have begins with an interesting look at how the character of Hannibal Lecter came to be, and provides an interesting look at where writers’ ideas come from. Amazing movie, amazing book. Johann Thorsson The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead I put off reading this book, because even though I was intrigued by the whole “literal underground railroad” concept, I am also not typically a historical fiction reader. When it won the National Book Award I picked it up, and slowly read it throughout the winter in bits and pieces. Many scenes were harrowing and it was difficult to read at times. I had to walk away from it often. I read it again this month in preparation for a book discussion with the author we hosted at my library. The second time around, I could focus on the writing, the structure, and the way each scene was constructed, because I already knew the heartbreaking and horrifying details of what the characters endured, and I loved the book so much more. I’m not generally one who re-reads books, and this reading experience has me re-thinking that policy. Molly Wetta Warlock Holmes:  A Study in Brimstone by GS Denning Where’re my fellow Sherlockians at? If you love yourself some Sherlock Holmes adaptations, you need to read this book, stat. Denning’s take cleverly twists the original Conan Doyle stories so that Watson is the main detective and Holmes is… well, a warlock, who finds everyday social niceties  even more befuddling than his non-magical counterpart. Fortunately, with the help of Watson he’s able to maintain his human facade (barely). The results are like Sherlock Holmes on amphetamines: crazy fast-paced, delightfully weird, and absolutely hilarious. If you’re familiar with the canon, you’ll appreciate this book and all the stories’ inside jokes even more. I can’t wait for the next book in the series to come out! Tasha Brandstatter What Girls Are Made Of by Elana K. Arnold Arnold’s author note in her book talks about the inspiration coming from the idea of girls being “sugar and spice and everything nice.” She talks about the shame she felt about the idea of never living up to that standard growing up, that things like her body and its normal functions were shameful things for her to even think about. This plays out in her powerhouse book. Nina’s boyfriend Seth is her world. She’ll do anything to make him happy. To have his attention. But when the relationship ends suddenly, Nina can’t help but reflect upon what she did. Why she wasn’t good enough. What would make her a better good girl to that boy. The story flips between flashbacks and the present, along with a series of short vignettes that all highlight the roles girls and women are put into societally. This book is unashamed to talk about bodily functions, about choices girls can and do make for themselves, and the ways that girls can sometimes sabotage one another . . . as a means of getting the attention of another boy. A short, raw, and powerful story and says a tremendous amount about the patriarchy, about feminism, and the way girls are trained to be “good.” Kelly Jensen When Beauty Tamed the Beast  by Eloisa James This is my first Eloisa James novel, and I know it won’t be my last. It’s a Regency, set in Wales after the heroine Linnet leaves London in disgrace. She decides she’ll marry Piers, a “beastly” doctor, since what other option does she have? But once she arrives in Wales, things don’t go as she expects…. In addition to the romance, I loved the minor characters and the debates about medicine. This book has so much to offer! Rebecca Hussey

Drug Testing Essay - 2735 Words

Drug testing is a laboratory procedure that looks for evidence of drug consumption by analyzing urine, blood, and hair samples. If tested, you must provide a sample in front of an observer to make sure that it is not tampered with. Samples are then sent to a laboratory for analysis, after which the employer is notified of the results (Wodell 1). Exactly who should be subject to the new trend of mandatory drug tests, is the big question being raised among businesses, schools, athletes and federal government employees. Businesses feel that random drug testing of their employees will create higher productivity, save on health care costs, improve employee turnover, prevent less accidents, and improve job satisfaction. Schools are beginning to†¦show more content†¦On the contrary, many employees are not very happy about having to take drug tests and they are voicing their opinions. A recent study conducted by the LeMoyne College Institute of Industrial Relations suggests that, mandatory drug testing actually hurts workplace work place productivity and may promote the abuse of cocaine, booze and other drugs. The study also implied that these programs reduce employee productivity by as much as 33%, because it makes workers feel that they are not trusted by their employers. Lastly, the study points out that because drug tes ts tend to zoom in on marijuana (which only stays in the system for six weeks) some are turning to cocaine, and psychedelic mushrooms which leave little residue in the body (Workplace 1). Companies putting these testing policies in place must also consider the legal repercussions involved if they are not careful. Many firms have found themselves in violation of our Fourth Amendment protection against unlawful search and seizure, better known as a violation of privacy. Opponents claim that the tests are too costly, ineffective, and prone to abuse. Random testing is a risk in many states, but if the employee is in a position in which drug use could result in the death of an employee or the death of others, random testing is usually OK. Another way employers are evaluating the need for a test is byShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing : A Drug Test1221 Words   |  5 PagesDrug testing in the workplace started happening in 1988 and till this day is still continuing. Not until 1991 did they sta rt drug testing on employees who work on aviation, trucking, railroads, mass transit, and pipelines. Today, mostly everywhere you apply for a job a drug test is mandatory. Which is reasonable because if illegal drugs are involved, drug use can affect workplace concentration and judgment which could put the employee at risk. But should a drug test be required only for those inRead MoreDrug Testing1837 Words   |  8 PagesMandatory Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Introduction Mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients is a controversial issue. Should the government hold people accepting government entitlement’s accountable for illegal drug use or would this type of action cross the boundary of civil liberties into an invasion of privacy? The government has a vested interest in getting welfare recipients back into the working population. Holding welfare recipients accountable for illicit drug use only ensuresRead MoreDrug Testing In Schools. The Topic Of Random Drug Testing1490 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Testing in Schools The topic of random drug testing has been a very controversial one, especially in the last few years. RSDT (random student drug testing) made a rise in popularity after being legalized by the United States Supreme Court in 2006. 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Many people must go through drug testing to get a job, then after they have it, they may be selected to be randomly tested again to keep their job. There are people down on their luck or going through a rough patch where they need to receive government assistance, nothing but an application needs to be filled out prior to receiving payment from the government. Drug testing for government a ssistanceRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients912 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Testing Welfare Recipients To test or not to test has been has been the question at hand for many states that are dealing with whether or not to pass the law that welfare recipients should or should not be drug tested in order to receive assistance from the government. Florida was the first state to mandate the law in 2011 and thereafter twenty four other states in the last year have also passed this law in our own state of Oklahoma being one of them. Although alcohol is legal it is abused farRead MoreDrug Testing in the Workplace1281 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Testing in the Workplace Thesis statement: Administering a drug and alcohol policy can be challenging, but it can also be beneficial to the manufacturing company. I. Administering a drug and alcohol policy can be challenging. A. The company must comply with State and Federal laws when administering the drug and alcohol policy. B. The company must make sure the implementation of the test is done in a uniform manner. C. Some employees may bring law suits against the employerRead MoreDrug Testing And The Workplace1394 Words   |  6 Pagesworkplace. The implementation of drug testing by companies grew in recent years. American workers have seen a dramatic increase in the use of drug testing in the previous years. Drug testing is implemented to assure safe workplaces for American workers. Drug testing can reduce the company’s health care and insurance costs. Even though drug testing has become common in the workplace, there is little research that exists regarding this matter. Overall, drug testing affects the decisions of workersRead MoreDrug Testing Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a big question floating in the air around a lot of people today, â€Å"Is drug testing the welfare constitutional or not?† When dealing with this we come to many road blocks. We should know and understand the difference in a drug use problem and a psychiatric disorder. Also understanding the difference in substance abuse and substance dependence. Confusing the two could be an issue. When you decide to drug test the welfare there is much more that needs to go into it than just the test to determineRead MoreNCAA Drug Testing707 Words   |  3 Pagesare being banned. In a study done, athletes were asked if illicit drugs would negatively impact their performance. Majority of them responded â€Å"yes†, their main reasoning being; the effects of illicit drugs were both mental and physically damaging. Illicit drugs come in many forms, but the testing procedures are all the same for any substance. There is almost always a consequence with the use of prohibited substances. Drug testing is appropriate to help ensure the safety of student athletes while

Italian Helper Verbs Potere, Volere, Dovere

The helping or modal verbs, volere (to want), dovere (to have to), and potere (to be able to), appropriately called in Italian verbi servili, or servile verbs, enable the expression of the action of other verbs in the light of our wish, intention, or determination; duty, necessity, or obligation; possibility, ability, or power. I want to dance. Voglio ballare.I must dance. Devo ballare. I can dance! Posso ballare! English Tense Complications In Italian, the intent or purpose of the modal verbs changes implicitly within the one-word verb conjugation—two words max with the auxiliary in compound tenses—like all verbs in Italian. They are variations on the same word: devo, dovevo, dovrà ², dovrei, avrei dovuto; posso, potevo, potrà ², potrei, avrei potuto; voglio, volevo, vorrà ², vorrei, avrei voluto. The English counterpart modal verbs, however, express explicitly in different ways in different tenses. So, you have must, had to, will have to, ought to, should have, and supposed to. You have can, may or am able to, and could. This makes the English modals a bit tricky compared to the simplicity of the Italian (depending on how you look at it), but the meanings and uses are the same: One must simply learn which is which. Below is a simple table of the English renditions of volere, potere, and dovere in the various tenses coupled with the verb capire (to understand), in the first person singular, I. Volere Potere Dovere IndicativoPresente I want to understand. I can/am able to understand. I must/have to understand. IndicativoImperfetto I wanted to understand. I could understand/could have understood. I had to understand/was supposed to understand. IndicativoPassato Pross I wanted to understand/insisted on understanding. I was able to understand. I had to understand/needed to understand/have had to understand. IndicativoPassato Rem I wanted to understand/insisted on understanding. I was able to understand. I had to understand/was forced to understand. IndicativoTrpas Pros I had wanted to understand. I had been able to understand. I had had to understand. IndicativoTrpas Rem I had wanted to understand. I had been able to understand. I had had to understand. IndicativoFuturo Sem I will want to understand. I will be able to understand. I will have to understand. IndicativoFuturo Ant I will have wanted to understand. I will have been able to understand. I will have had to understand. Congiuntivo Presente I want to understand. I am able/can understand. I must/have to understand. Congiuntivo Passato I wanted to understand. I was able to understand. I had to/have had to understand. Congiuntivo Imperfetto I wanted to understand. I could/would be able to understand. I had to understand. Congiuntivo Trapassato I had wanted to understand. I had been able to understand. I had had to understand. Condizionale Presente I want/would want/would like to understand. I could/would be able to understand. I should/should have to/ought to understand. Condizionale Passato I would have wanted to understand. I would have been able to understand/could have understood. I should have/ought to have understood. Tense Subtleties It merits perusing each of the modals volere, dovere, and potere singularly to understand each verb better in its uses. But they share many common traits. In the passato prossimo, for example, volere means you wanted to do something—carried out your will to do it—and, indeed, you did it (in fact, the English wanted is a bit soft for the sense of the passato prossimo ho voluto). Same with dovere and potere: you had to or were able to do something and you did it. Ho voluto mangiare la pizza. I wanted to eat a pizza (and I did).Ho dovuto visitare la nonna. I had to/was obliged to visit grandma (and I did).Ho potuto parlare con Giorgio. I was able to talk with Giorgio (and I did). In the negative, if you say, Non mi ha voluto vedere (he/she didnt want to see me), it means that he or she did not see you. If you say, Non ho dovuto dare lesame (I didnt have to take the exam), it means you didnt have to (and, in Italian, we can assume you didnt, though in the English it is not equally clear-cut). With potere, if you say, Non sono potuto andare, it means you were not able to go and you did not. The imperfetto, on the other hand, is the tense used with modal verbs for an action of imperfect arc (which wanting or being able to usually are) whose outcome, without some clarification, is not certain. In fact, sometimes one can imply that the outcome was not as expected. Volevano venire. They wanted to come (and its unclear if they did).Potevano venire. They could/were able to/could have come (and its implied that they didnt). More information can be given to clarify the meaning, still with the imperfetto, but sometimes a tense change is needed: Potevano venire ma non sono venuti. They could come but they didnt.Sarebbero potuti venire ma non sono venuti. They could have come but they didnt. With dovere, the imperfetto can be expressed with the English was supposed to, depending on the outcome. Lo dovevo vedere ieri. I was supposed to see him yesterday (and its assumed that I did not). With dovere in the negative, if you say, Non dovevo vederlo ieri, it means that you were not expected to see him yesterday, but you might have. We would know more from the context. Again, in English, you would differentiate with supposed to. If you say, Non dovevo dare lesame (I didnt have to take the exam, same translation in English as the passato prossimo), it means you were not obliged to or supposed to or expected to take the exam (but you might have taken it anyway). Transitive or Intransitive Because modal verbs serve other verbs, in Italian, in their compound tenses, they take on the auxiliary demanded by the verb they are helping. For example, if a modal verb is helping a transitive verb such as leggere (to read), the modal verb takes avere in the compound tenses: A scuola ieri Lina non ha voluto leggere. Yesterday at school Lina did not want to read (and did not).Ieri ho dovuto leggere un libro intero per il mio esame. Yesterday I had to read a whole book for my exam.Ieri non ho potuto leggere il giornale perchà © non ho avuto tempo. Yesterday I was not able to read the paper because I didnt have time. If the modal verb is helping an intransitive verb that takes essere or a verb of movement that takes essere, for example, it takes essere (remember the agreement of the past participle with verbs with essere). Lucia non à ¨ voluta partire ieri. Lucia did not want to leave yesterday (and she didnt).Franco à ¨ dovuto partire ieri. Franco had to leave yesterday.Io non sono potuta partire perchà © ho perso il treno. I was not able to leave because I missed my train. And, with an intransitive verb that takes avere: Marco ha voluto cenare presto. Marco wanted to have dinner early (and he did).Avremmo dovuto cenare prima. We should have had dinner earlier.Non abbiamo potuto cenare prima. We were not able to have dinner earlier. Remember your ground rules for  determining the right auxiliary for your main verb; sometimes it is a case-by-case choice, depending on the use of the verb at that moment. Ho dovuto vestire i bambini.  I had to dress the children (transitive,  avere).Mi sono dovuta vestire.  I had to get dressed (reflexive,  essere). Or, for example, with the verb crescere (to grow or grow up), which can be intransitive or intransitive: Avresti voluto crescere i tuoi figli in campagna. You would have liked to have raised your children in the country (transitive, avere).Saresti dovuta crescere in campagna. You should have grown up in the country (intransitive, essere). The Odd Auxiliary There are two exceptions or exemptions from the above rule about auxiliary agreement of the modal verb: Followed by Essere If a modal verb is followed by essere—volere essere, potere essere, or dovere essere—in the compound tenses it wants avere as its auxiliary (though esseres auxiliary is essere). Avrei voluto essere pià ¹ gentile. I wished I had been kinder.Non ha potuto essere qui. He was not able to be here.Credo che abbia dovuto essere molto paziente. I think he had to be/was forced to be very patient. Reflexive Pronoun Position Also, when a modal verb accompanies a reflexive or reciprocal verb, you use the auxiliary essere if the reflexive pronoun precedes the verbs, but avere if the pronoun attaches to the infinitive that the modal is supporting. Mi sono dovuta sedere, or, ho dovuto sedermi. I had to sit.Mi sarei voluta riposare, or, avrei voluto riposarmi. I would have liked to rest.Pensava che ci fossimo voluti incontrare qui, or, pensava che avessimo voluto incontrarci qui. She thought that we had wanted to meet here. If this confuses you, just make a rule of putting the pronoun ahead of the verb and keeping your auxiliary essere. Pronouns Which brings us to pronouns—direct object, indirect object, and combined double object—and modal verbs. Modal verbs let pronouns be free to move about pretty loosely: They can come before either verb or attach to the infinitive. Gli ho dovuto dare il libro, or, ho dovuto dargli il libro. I had to give him the book.Non gli ho potuto parlare, or, non ho potuto parlargli. I was not able to speak with him,Glielo ho voluto dare, or, ho voluto darglielo. I had to give it to him,Gli posso dare il gelato? or, posso dargli il gelato? Can I give him the ice cream? With double modal verbs, there is even more freedom, both with single and double pronouns: Lo devo poter fare, or, devo poterlo fare, or, devo poter farlo. I need to/must be able to do it.Non lo voglio dover incontrare, or, non voglio doverlo incontrare, or, non voglio dovere incontrarlo. I dont want to have to meet him.Glielo potrei volere dare, or, potrei volerglielo dare, or potrei volere darglielo. I might want to give it to her. If you want to play with it a little, just start by putting the pronoun at the top of the sentence and moving it down from verb to verb. If your head is spinning... vi potete sedere, or potete sedervi! Buono studio!

Sex education in high school Free Essays

Ada Vargas 9/12/12 ENGL Ill-D40 Argumentative essay Sex education in high schools High schools should provide better sexual education. Prevention is better than cure. The federal government should provide more information in schools and required sex education in the first year of high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex education in high school or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is important because there are a lot of sexually transmitted diseases, teenage pregnancy, and teen abortions. Boskey (2011) stated that sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are â€Å"some of the most difficult diseases in the world to catch† (paral). Although there are a lot of resources available o obtain information such as the internet, books and magazines most of the time teens do not take the time to read so there should be required classes in high school to inform them about STDs. Many teens have sex without knowing that millions of teens get STDs because they do not know about prevention and the consequences of these diseases. It is important to educate teens about this serious problem in their first year of high school. According to the Center Detection in San Antonio, Texas people between the ages of 1 5 and 24 are acquiring about the half of the STDs lthough they represent the twenty five percent of the sexually experienced population (2011). The US diagnosed nineteen million cases of syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia and cost the government seventeen billion per year to the nation’s health care (Preidt, 2011). It is a fact that STDs are a big issue the nation is dealing with today. This affects a lot of teens and their families, including the countrys economy. Almost all STDs are treatable but there are consequences if they are not detected and treated on time. The question is why waste time and money? You can each teens about the consequences of having sex without protection. It is a fact that teens are not prepared physically, psychologically and economically to have children. Teen mothers cannot afford a better quality of life for their children as established older mothers can. According to the Family First Aid â€Å"the US has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and births in the western industrialized world. Teen pregnancy costs the United States at least seven billion annually’ (2002). Swierzewski (2012) points out about the pregnancy rates in the US: Teen pregnancy rates in the United States ell forty percent from 1992 to 2008-to their lowest level since 1976. The decline in the teen pregnancy rates was consistent during this time period, except for an increase in 2005 and 2006. In teenage girls aged fifteen to seventeen, the pregnancy rate has declined by almost fifty percent since 1990 and the rate in older teens decreased by about thirty percent. para 2) Teen pregnancy is a major concern because we all have teenage friends with babies or young relatives that became pregnant at an early age. The bad news for our community is that New Mexico is the tate with the most teen pregnant moms, ninety three per one thousand, followed by Nevada, Arizona, Texas and Mississippi. (Kost, K. and Henshaw, S and Carlin, L 2010). We need to prevent teen pregnancy because is affecting a lot of p eople in a lot of ways such as economically, socially and morally. The solution is to provide information and advert the youths about the risk and consequences of having sex without protection. Another concern about teenage pregnancies is that many results in to teen abortions. It is not easy to have a baby for a teenager. Lowen (2012) found that there was a decrease of abortion from forty six percent to thirty one percent from 1986 to 2008. Teens that have babies normally do not finish high school. How are they are going to take care and support their children? Abortions have a lot of consequences that teens sometimes do not consider such as depression and infertility. Although the best way to avoid all these problems is abstention the reality is that teens are having sex. It is better to educate and inform teens about the risks they take when they have sex without protection. Prevention is better than treatment and cure. The US is the country with the most teen pregnancies, and teen abortions, and teens with STDs. In conclusion, we should have better sexual education in high schools. References Boskey, E. Ph. D. (2011, November 12). STD 101 – Top Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) You Should Know About. About. com Guide. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size https://prochoice.org/education-and-advocacy/about-abortion/abortion-facts/ https://www.thoughtco.com/g00/why-teens-choose-abortion-3534251?i10c.referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.ua%2F https://www.usatoday.com/topic/D2591A44-DFD9-4D0D-AF7A-CC0B3B92CBB0/health-wellness/ https://www.cdc.gov/std/ http://www.healthcommunities.com/teen-pregnancy/children/overview-of-teen-pregnancy.shtml    How to cite Sex education in high school, Papers

Ss2 Assesment Essay Example

Ss2 Assesment Essay Spreadsheet Software Level 2 (Credit value 4) Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this assessment document has 9 pages and is made up of 6 Parts. Name: Alvaro Estrada Achieving your qualification In order to achieve your Level 2 ITQ Certificate in IT User Skills qualification, you will need to demonstrate to your tutor that you can meet all of the learning outcomes for this Unit. By completing this Assessment, you will cover the following learning outcomes: The learner will†¦ 1. Use a spreadsheet to enter, edit and organise numerical and other data 2. Select and use appropriate formulas and data analysis tools to meet requirements 3. Select and use tools and techniques to present and format spreadsheet information You will also satisfy the following assessment criteria: The learner can†¦ 1. 1 Identify what numerical and other information is needed in the spreadsheet and how it should be structured 1. 2 Enter and edit numerical and other data accurately 1. 3 Combine and link data across worksheets 1. 4 Store and retrieve spreadsheet files effectively, in line with local guidelines and conventions where available 2. 1 Identify which tools and techniques to use to analyse and manipulate data to meet requirements 2. Select and use a range of appropriate functions and formulas to meet calculation requirements 2. 3 Use a range of tools and techniques to analyse and manipulate data to meet requirements 3. 1 Plan how to present and format spreadsheet information effectively to meet needs 3. 2 Select and use appropriate tools and techniques to format spreadsheet cells, rows, columns and worksheets 3. 3 Select and for mat an appropriate chart or graph type to display selected information 3. 4 Select and use appropriate page layout to present and print spreadsheet information 3. Check information meets needs, using spreadsheet tools and making corrections as necessary 3. 6 Describe how to find errors in spreadsheet formulas 3. 7 Respond appropriately to any problems with spreadsheets The references in brackets below show you where these criteria are covered. Assessment Scenario You work in a newsagents’ shop. Your boss has asked you to analyse the sales of chocolate bars using a spreadsheet. Part A (B1. 1, B1. 2, B2. 1, B2. 3, B1. 4) 1. Open Excel to create a spreadsheet about chocolate bar sales. The spreadsheet should contain the following data: Price of the chocolate bars †¢ Shelf location in the shop †¢ Sales of each chocolate bar for January †¢ Sales of each chocolate bar for February Use the information below to create the spreadsheet. Chocolate bar data Chocolate bar p rices: Mars: 0. 58, Dairy Milk: 0. 65, Double Decker: 0. 66, Twix: 0. 53, Caramel: 0. 55, Snickers: 0. 57, Boost: 0. 71, Bounty: 0. 35, Aero: 0. 68, Wispa: 0. 65, Milky bar: 0. 40, Yorkie; 0. 70, Galaxy: 0. 67, Lion bar: 0. 65, Rolo: 0. 63. Shelf location in the shop Shelf one: Snickers, Mars, Galaxy, Yorkie Shelf two: Dairy Milk, Caramel, Boost, Rolo, Bounty We will write a custom essay sample on Ss2 Assesment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ss2 Assesment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ss2 Assesment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Shelf three: Twix, Milky bar, Aero, Double Decker, Lion Bar, Wispa January chocolate bar sales volume: |Mars |54 | |Dairy Milk |36 | |Double Decker |30 | |Twix |24 | |Caramel |48 | |Snickers |108 | |Boost |22 | |Bounty |51 | |Aero |32 | |Wispa |37 | Milky bar |29 | |Yorkie |55 | |Galaxy |60 | |Lion bar |37 | |Rolo |43 | February chocolate bar sales volume: |Mars |60 | |Dairy Milk |42 | |Double Decker |45 | |Twix |36 | |Caramel |57 | |Snickers |114 | Boost |35 | |Bounty |50 | |Aero |35 | |Wispa |48 | |Milky bar |62 | |Yorkie |70 | |Galaxy |55 | |Lion bar |40 | |Rolo |46 | 2. Format the price column of the spreadsheet so that it displays as currency. 3. Create a new column called Total sales. Calculate the total number of sales for January and February for each chocolate bar and populate the Total sales column. 4. Sort the spreadsheet by Shelf location so that all of the Shelf 1 chocolate bars appear at the top of the spreadsheet, then the Shelf 2 bars, then the Shelf 3 bars. Save the spreadsheet with the name: SS2_chocolate_complete Part B (B1. 1, B1. 2, B1. 4) 1. Reopen SS2_chocolate_complete (the spreadsheet you created in Part A of this assessment), and create a column chart to compare the prices of the chocolate bars. Save the chart as a new worksheet in your workbook. Give this new worksheet the name: Chart1 2. Create a line graph to compare the sales of all chocolate bars in January and February. Save the graph as a new worksheet in your workbook. Give this new worksheet the name: Chart2 Remember to save your work within the file: SS2_chocolate_complete Part C (B1. 4, B2. 1, B2. 3) 1. Reopen SS2_chocolate_complete (the spreadsheet you created in Part A and added charts to in Part B of this assessment). 2. Add a new column to this spreadsheet. You should add this column after the Total sales column and name it Re-order. 3. If the Total sales of a chocolate bar are more than 100, then stock needs to be re-ordered. In the Re-order column that you have added to your spreadsheet, create an IF statement to show whether stock needs to be ordered for each chocolate bar. The results of your IF statement should display Yes if stock needs to be re-ordered or No if new stock isn’t required. 4. Once you have completed your IF statement for each chocolate bar, save the changes you have made to your SS2_chocolate_complete spreadsheet. Part D (B1. 3, B2. 2) You will have downloaded some resource files to help you complete this part of the assessment. . From the resource files open the spreadsheet shopdata. 2. Complete the following table. For each task you must complete the action in Excel, and then complete the table with which functions/formula you used. The first task has been completed as an example. |Task |Use one of these three |Which |Type out the formula / one of the |What is the answer | | |functions to complete the |function did |formulas you used |to the initial task? | | |task |you use? | | |Calculate the total number of|SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT |SUM |=SUM(C2:C7) |350 | |sales for Shop 2 in February | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Identify the most popular |SUM, MIN, MAX |MAX |=MAX(B2:B7) |Snickers | |chocolate bar for Shop 1 in | | | | | |January | | | | | |Calculate the total number of|3D reference using SUM, 3D |SUM |=SUM(Shop1:Shop3! J5) | | |Mars bars sold by all shops |reference using COUNTIF, 3D | | | | | |reference using MIN / MAX. |*see note | | | | | | |Total=1687 | Remember to save your work in this document. *note: To do this task I used Sort AZ in every Shop with intention to get Mars bars in The position row 5, in every shop I did =SUM(B5:G5) and every result in J5. After I did SUM Part E (B1. 3, B2. 1, B2. 3, B1. 4) You will have downloaded some resource files to help you complete this part of the assessment. 1. From the resource files open the docum ent shopdata. 2. For each of the three Shop worksheets, add a new column after June and name it Average. 3. Work out the average number of sales for each chocolate bar in Shop 2. Display the results in the column Average. 4. Sort the Shop 2 worksheet so that the chocolate bar with the least average sales appears at the top, and the chocolate bar with the most average sales appears at the bottom of the spreadsheet. 5. Go to the Shop 1 worksheet. Type the text Shop 2 in a cell in column A. Create a hyperlink using this text which links to the Shop 2 worksheet. Save the file with the name: SS2_shopdata_complete Part F (B3. 1, B3. 2, B3. 3, B3. 4, B3. 5, B3. 6, B3. 7) 1. Open the spreadsheet you created in Part A of this assessment, which should be saved with the filename SS2_chocolate_complete. Using the Save as unction, create another file and give it the file name SS2_chocolate2_complete. †¢ Apply bold formatting to all the text in Row 1 †¢ Apply bold formatting to all the text in Column A †¢ Change the text colour of Row 1 to red †¢ Adjust the size of Column F so that t he text ‘Total sales’ appears on one line †¢ Insert an outline border to your spreadsheet, and also an inside border to all cells 2. Open the worksheet Chart 1 †¢ Give the x axis the name chocolate bar type †¢ Give the y axis the name customer price †¢ Change the chart type from Column to Bar †¢ Give this chart a suitable title †¢ A legend should be applied, if appropriate. 3. Open the worksheet Chart 2. Add a suitable chart title, legend, x-axis label and y-axis label to this chart. 4. Check the formatting, spelling and data accuracy of all your work, and respond appropriately to any problems. Describe how you did this. Using Print Preview to view the document. I adjusted the margins, with Page Layout (Margins), which were too wide, necessitating 2 pages to show chart 2. I checked the layout for the first chart and resized the second chart to fit the page. Next, I renamed sheet 12 to chart 12 on the spreadsheets ss2_chocolate_complete and on ss2_chocolate2_complete respectively. I did this by right clicking on the sheet tab, using Rename I typed in the correct name (chart 1 chart 2). In Review, I used the Spelling Grammar option to check the whole documents corrected mistakes. I checked all formulas manually to be sure they are working automatically. Remember to save the spreadsheet with the file name: SS2_chocolate2_complete Sending work Once you have completed all parts of this Assessment, you will need to send your work to your tutor so he or she can see the progress you have made. Send the following files: 1. This document with completed sections. 2. SS2_chocolate_complete 3. SS2_chocolate2_complete 4. SS2_shopdata_complete When you’re ready, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your files to your tutor via your My Study area.

Manifest Destiny Essay Example

Manifest Destiny Essay Example Manifest Destiny Paper Manifest Destiny Paper Any single statement that is used to describe the past of the United States is a bold one. Americas past is composed of many different events and eras. From reconstruction after the civil war to westward expansion, Americas history is laced with far too many significant events to be explained away or described by one statement. However, if one statement had to be chosen to describe the significance of Americas past, it would have to be that manifest destiny both religiously and politically is the main factors in shaping the United States. History is based on facts that are more often than not tied to dates, but manifest destiny cannot be narrowed to specific dates because it is not an event in the traditional sense. Manifest destiny is more of a phenomenal movement. What is meant by this is that manifest destiny has been a part of this country since its inception, and is occurring today. It is a philosophy that has and still clutches the nation in its entirety, and in fact created what people call American history. The name manifest destiny was given to the movement by John OSullivan. In addition to coining the name Manifest Destiny, he also wrote to defend Americas desire to expand: . the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federal development of self government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth. With this, Manifest Destiny became the rally cry of America. It was made public through newspapers and essays, and it was promoted by politicians. Eventually Manifest Destiny became doctrine and paved the way for expansion. Manifest Destiny had many different components, with each serving people in a variety of different ways

Major General Gideon J. Pillow in the Civil War

Major General Gideon J. Pillow in the Civil War Gideon Pillow - Early Life Career: Born June 8, 1806 in Williamson Country, TN, Gideon Johnson Pillow was the son of Gideon and Ann Pillow.   A member of a well off and politically-connected family, Pillow received a classical education in local schools before enrolling at the University of Nashville.   Graduating in 1827, he read law and entered the bar three years later.   Befriending future president James K. Polk, Pillow married Mary E. Martin on May 24, 1831.   Later that year, Tennessee Governor William Carroll appointed him a district attorney general.   Possessing an interest in military affairs, Pillow commenced service in the state militia with the rank of brigadier general in 1833.   Increasingly wealthy, he expanded his land holdings to include plantations in Arkansas and Mississippi.   In 1844, Pillow used his influence to aid Polk in obtaining the 1844 Democratic nomination for president. Gideon Pillow - Mexican-American War: With the beginning of the Mexican-American War in May 1846, Pillow sought a volunteer commission from his friend Polk.   This was granted on July 1, 1846 when he received an appointment as a brigadier general.   Initially leading a brigade in Major General Robert Pattersons division, Pillow saw service under Major General Zachary Taylor in northern Mexico.   Transferred to Major General Winfield Scotts army in early 1847, he took part in the siege of Veracruz that March.   As the army moved inland, Pillow demonstrated personal bravery at the Battle of Cerro Gordo but his leadership proved weak.   Despite this, he received a promotion to major general in April and ascended to division command.   As Scotts army neared Mexico City, Pillows performance improved and he contributed to the victories at Contreras and Churubusco.   That September, his division played a key role in the Battle of Chapultepec and he suffered a severe wound in his left ankle. Following Contreras and Churubusco, Pillow clashed with Scott when the latter directed him to correct official reports that overemphasized the role he played in the victories.   Refusing, he worsened the situation by submitting a letter to New Orleans Delta under the name Leonidas which claimed that the American triumphs were solely the result of Pillows actions.   When Pillows machinations were exposed following the campaign, Scott had him arrested on charges of insubordination and violating regulations.   Pillow then accused Scott of being part of bribery scheme to bring an early end to the war.   As Pillows case moved towards court-martial, Polk became involved and ensured that he was exonerated.   Leaving the service on July 20, 1848, Pillow returned to Tennessee.   Writing of Pillow in his memoirs, Scott stated that he was only person I have ever known who was wholly indifferent in the choice between truth and falsehood, honesty and dishonesty and willing to commit a total sacrifice of moral character to attain his desired end. Gideon Pillow - The Civil War Approaches:            Through the 1850s Pillow worked to enhance his political power.   This saw him unsuccessfully attempt to secure the Democratic nomination for vice president in both 1852 and 1856.   In 1857, Pillow was outmaneuvered by his rivals when he sought to gain a seat in the US Senate.   During this period, he befriended Isham G. Harris who was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1857.   As sectional tensions worsened, Pillow actively supported Senator Stephen A. Douglas in the election of 1860 with the goal of preserving the Union.   Following Abraham Lincolns victory, he initially resisted secession but came to support it as it was the will of the people of Tennessee. Through his connection to Harris, Pillow was appointed the senior major general in the Tennessee militia and made commander of the states provisional army on May 9, 1861.   Taking time to mobilize and train this force, he was transferred to the Confederate Army in July with the lower rank of brigadier general.   Though angered by this slight, Pillow accepted a posting to serve under Major General Leonidas Polk in western Tennessee.   That September, on Polks orders, he advanced north into neutral Kentucky and occupied Columbus on the Mississippi River.   This incursion effectively swung Kentucky into the Union camp for the duration of the conflict. Gideon Pillow - In the Field: In early November, Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant began moving against the Confederate garrison at Belmont, MO across the river from Columbus.   Learning of this, Polk dispatched Pillow to Belmont with reinforcements.   In the resulting Battle of Belmont, Grant succeeded in driving back the Confederates and burning their camp, but narrowly escaped when the enemy attempted to cut his line of retreat.   Though largely inconclusive, the Confederates claimed the engagement as a victory and Pillow received the thanks of the Confederate Congress.   As in Mexico, he proved difficult to work with and soon was engaged in a dispute with Polk.   Abruptly leaving the army in late December, Pillow recognized he had made a mistake and was able to have his resignation cancelled by President Jefferson Davis. Gideon Pillow - Fort Donelson: Assigned to a new post at Clarksville, TN with General Albert S. Johnston as his superior, Pillow began forwarding men and supplies to Fort Donelson.   A key post on the Cumberland River, the fort had been targeted by Grant for capture.   Briefly commanding at Fort Donelson, Pillow was superseded by Brigadier General John B. Floyd who had served as Secretary of War under President James Buchanan.   Effectively surrounded by Grants army by February 14, Pillow proposed a plan for the garrison to break out and escape.   Approved by Floyd, Pillow assumed command of the left wing of the army.   Attacking the next day, the Confederates succeeded in opening a line of escape.   Having accomplished this, Pillow shockingly ordered his men back to their trenches to resupply before departing.   This pause allowed Grants men to reclaim the ground lost earlier.       Irate at Pillow for his actions, Floyd saw no alternative but to surrender.   Wanted for graft in the North and seeking to avoid capture and possible trial for treason, he turned command over to Pillow.   Having similar fears, Pillow devolved command to Brigadier General Simon B. Buckner.   That night, he departed Fort Donelson by boat leaving Buckner to surrender the garrison the next day.   Informed of Pillows escape by Buckner, Grant commented if I had got him, Id let him go again. He will do us more good commanding you fellows.        Ã‚   Gideon Pillow - Later Posts: Though directed to assume command of a division in the Army of Central Kentucky, Pillow was suspended by Davis on April 16 for his actions at Fort Donelson.   Placed on the sidelines, he resigned on October 21 but had this rescinded when Davis returned him to duty on December 10.   Given command of brigade in Major General John C. Breckinridges division of General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee, Pillow took part in the Battle of Stones River at the end of the month.   On January 2, during an assault on the Union line, an enraged Breckinridge found Pillow hiding behind a tree rather than leading his men forward.   Though Pillow attempted to curry favor with Bragg following the battle, he was reassigned on January 16, 1863 to oversee the armys volunteer and conscription bureau.   Ã‚   A capable administrator, Pillow performed well in this new role and aided in keeping the Army of Tennessees ranks filled.   In June 1864, he briefly resumed field command to mount an attack against Major General William T. Shermans lines of communication at Lafayette, GA.   A stunning failure, Pillow was returned to recruiting duties after this effort.   Made Commissary General of Prisoners for the Confederacy in February 1865, he remained in administrative roles until his capture by Union forces on April 20.    Gideon Pillow - Final Years: Effectively bankrupted by the war, Pillow returned to practicing law.   Opening a firm in Memphis with Harris, he later sought civil service posts from Grant but to no avail.   Continuing to work as a lawyer, Pillow died of yellow fever on October 8, 1878 while in Helena, AR.   Initially buried there, his remains were later returned to Memphis and interred at Elmwood Cemetery.      Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Gideon PillowLatin Library: Gideon PillowTEHC: Gideon Pillow

Hypersensitivity Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hypersensitivity Reaction - Essay Example Hypersensitivity Reaction This paper aims to review the immunological mechanisms giving rise to the four groups of hypersensitivity. It also compares and contrasts hypersensitivity reactions caused by antibodies and those caused by T-lymphocytes, while also discussing the clinical consequences of each of the reactions using examples. Hypersensitivity reactions can be divided into type I-IV, based on the various involved mechanisms. Type I, often associated with allergy, is mediated by IgE. IgE triggers basophil and mast cell degranulation cross linking with antigen. Type II occurs on binding of the host’s cells to antigens, which marks them for destruction (Phillips, 2006 p89). Mediation is by IgG and IgM antibodies. Type III hypersensitivity triggering occurs due to aggregates of IgM, IgG, complement proteins, and antigens deposited in tissues. Type IV hypersensitivity’s mediation is by macrophages, monocytes, and T cells. Infectious diseases and autoimmune involve this hypersensitivity in thei r reactions. Most hypersensitivity injuries develop due to interactions between antibodies and antigens or between sensitized T-lymphocytes and antigens. The general symptoms  accompanying the reaction depend on the involvement of either T-lymphocytes, or antibodies. During antibody involvement, immediate hypersensitivity results, while T-lymphocyte involvement results in delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Immediate hypersensitivity includes immune complex reactions, cytotoxic reactions, allergic reactions, and anaphylaxis. Delayed hypersensitivity includes infection allergies and contact dermatitis. Antibody Mediated Hypersensitivity vs. T-lymphocyte Mediated Hypersensitivity Antibody mediated hypersensitivity depends on the antigen nature, its frequency, and antigen contact route (Phillips, 2006 p11). It also depends on antibody type that reacts with the antigen. The initial antigen dose is known as sensitizing dose. On exposure, a latent period follows. Later, a dose of the sam e antigen, referred to as shocking or eliciting dose, sets off the reaction. This results in tissue damage. In T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity, T-lymphocytes function rather than antibodies. These T-lymphocytes function in cell mediated immunity. They produce Lymphokines, which stimulate macrophage influx in order to perform phagocytosis. This results in immune response exaggeration. For both antibody mediated and T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity reactions, local tissue destruction results. However, destruction of tissue by T-lymphocyte mediation occurs via phagocytosis. For antibody mediated hypersensitivity, reactions begin minutes after antigen administration (Phillips, 2006 p31). On direct administration of the antigen directly to the tissue, for example, injection or bee stings, a systemic reaction occurs. For instance, anaphylactic shock may result. When the contact involved is superficial, involving epithelial tissue, a localized reaction results, for example, ha y fever and asthma. These reactions can also be referred to as atopy or allergy. T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity, on the other hand, requires one day or more in order to develop. It can manifest in the form of infection allergy, such as in the tuberculin test (Phillips, 2006 p34). A second manifestation of T-lymphocyte mediated hypersensitivity is contact dermatitis. Large blister like lesions accompany the reaction, with vesicles surrounded by redness. The vesicles usually itch intensely.

Principles of magic and the mechanical philosophy Essay

Principles of magic and the mechanical philosophy - Essay Example Additionally, there was enchaining or bonding. The images that he presents are very detailed with various planetary natures that are always in action. The central point of these images is to communicate to the pneuma which is the astral body of the human beings and also the spirit. The soul of the person who views these images is attracted by them and thus apprehends them thus giving the person knowledge and wisdom. Therefore, the emphases for Bruno is the fact that there are always chains and bonds formed that are capable of communicating to the human soul. The chains and bonds that are supreme he referred to as vincula in his magic. He further goes on to say that: â€Å"There are three gates through which the hunter of souls [animarum venator] ventures to bind: vision, hearing and mind or imagination. If it happens that someone passes through all three of these gates, he binds most powerfully and ties down most tightly† (Bruno, 1997, p.155).In her book, the death of nature, Carolyn Merchant attempts to document the ecological and economic changes that were ongoing in Western Europe in the late 16th and early 17th century. Sweeping changes in both ecology and technology made it possible for there to be material conditions which facilitated the existence of new ideas. Although she cautions that her argument does not wholly support that material changes did not necessarily lead to ideological changes, she says that there are some ideas that appear more prevalent than others in a given period of time.in time. Furthermore, she claims that some ideas like those associated with magic and an organic view of the world become less compelling whereas the mechanical approaches are developed and adopted. There seems to be a back and forth argument in The Death of Nature between the social conditions as well as material conditions associated with nature and science. The strongest ideas are however those that are in support of the

The company culture of Pixar Animation Studios

The company culture of Pixar Animation Studios Introduction The origin of Pixar is traced back to 1984 when John Lasseter the Chief Creative Officer of Disney and Pixar joined the computer graphics division of Lucasfilms. Two years later Steve Jobs bought this unit and renamed it Pixar that went on to produce award winning short films, commercials and documentaries. The Company expanded its creative potentials to make its first computer animated movie, Toy Story in 1995 that marked the beginning of a new era in animation film industry. Pixar re-defined the meaning of success with major triumphs in the form of The Incredibles, Finding Nemo, Toy Story 2, and many others to follow. The Company was acquired by Disney in the year 2006, a strategic alliance that expanded the creative potentials of Pixar to further heights. The success of the company has been termed as dramatic and inspirational for other firms in the creative industry segment. The much talked about Pixar culture provides an interesting insight into how an organization can nurture t he creative talents of its employees across different levels. Research issue The research paper explores the different dimensions of the Pixar culture and its open door policy to understand the ways in which the organization has expanded its creative potentials to become one of the most innovative organizations in the industry. The objective of the paper is to analyse the impacts of the people management practices adopted at Pixar in promoting a creative work environment. Theoretical analysis framework Theoretical analysis provides any research work with the necessary facts and evidence that support the research findings and implications. In this section, the paper will focus on analysing the organizational culture of Pixar through two distinctive models the organizational aesthetics model and Handy (1985) or Harrison (1972) Model of culture. The study of these two theoretical dimensions enable a deeper insight and understanding of how the structural design and practices within an organization shapes its workplace environment and employee attitudes. The study and understanding of these two theoretical dimensions have been used to analyse the Pixar culture that promotes creativity through an enabling work culture. Organizational aesthetics model Aesthetics offers a new look into organizations, and a look at alternative ways of expressing and making meanings that deeply influence organizational interactions, behaviours, and understandings (Taylor Hansen, 2005). Aesthetics relate to our senses and contextual experiences that shape our knowledge and beliefs. Organizational activities and strategies are to a wide extent influenced by the social and contextual environment in which they exist. The underlying assumption of the aesthetic approach to the study of organizations is that, although an organization is indeed a social and collective construct, it is not an exclusively cognitive one but derives from the knowledge-creating faculties of all the human senses (Linstead Hopfl, 2000). According to this approach organizations are created through the re-definition and application of knowledge processing skills that are harnessed for productive gains. Since the organizational processes are widely impacted by the individual perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, values and reflections of the workforce that drive operational efficiencies. These are indicators of organizational aesthetics that bind the various elements into a more cohesive structure that helps in the production of goods and services for the larger community. Recent Trend in Organization Aesthetics The significance of such models is underlined by the increasing diversity of the workforce in present business environment and the difficulties faced in integrating the skills of individuals from varied knowledge sectors to develop a single product. Research studies have established that an understanding of the organizational aesthetics can help in improving managerial abilities to lead the team towards a more effective performance. Studies have revealed that the understanding of organizational aesthetics can help managers to identify the parameters of how to analyse and approach any issue. This particular aspect enables the organization to pursue a strategy well defined and supported by an understanding of human values and dimensions that impact work performance. Organization Aesthetics in Pixar Bill Capodagli, the author of Innovate the Pixar Way: Lessons from the Worlds most Creative Corporate Playground in an interview with the Enterpriseleadership.org (2010) stated that Pixar has a set of deeply rooted values that champion excellence, tap innovation, and encourage collaboration. Following this observation, it can be inferred that the organizational practices and strategies adopted by Pixar have been a vital factor in promoting its creative talents. The question that this observation raises is what kind of organizational design and practices Pixar has that promotes such creativity. Organizational structure plays a critical role in nurturing individual talent and providing the employees with the opportunity to deliver their true potentials Edgar Schein in 1985 observed that organizations can be broadly categorised into two types Organization A that adopts an open environment facilitated by free flow of communication and less formal atmosphere; and organization B that supports a closed door structure featured by formal work procedures and low interactivity among employees. Pixar belongs to the Organization A type that exhibits an open culture (Schein, 2004). This kind of organization supports team based work culture. The success formula of Pixar is based on team work, collaboration and free flow of communication between individuals. The high level of interaction and flow of communication within the organization is promoted by its flat organizational structure. The organization is founded on remarkable management practices that discourage hierarchical system of r eporting. The non hierarchical organizational structure promotes responsibilities and motivates the employees to put in their best at work resulting in high performing organizations. However, such work culture demands strong commitment and high level of energy from the employees. The operating principles of Pixar is based on freedom to communicate with anyone, a work environment that is safe for everyone to offer ideas, and staying close to innovations happening in the academic community (Catmull, 2008). The creative focus of the organization has been on harnessing its human resource potentials to the optimum through the application of aesthetic organizational principles (McElroy Morrow, 2010). This involves providing its employees with a work environment that is most informal with all amenities and luxuries that enable the stimulation of the creative senses of the workforce (Buzalka, 2006). The company adopts a non-hierarchical organization structure that encourages associates to actively participate in the decision making process at all stages. The organization supports employee empowerment in the form of supportive management practices that focuses on employee skills development and promoting participative leadership style. The lack of formal reporting lines and accountability of employees is compensated with mentors who assist the new comers into the organization and guide them through various stages of career progression. The ability of the organization to create and sustain in novation at work is dependent on speed, transparency and accountability (Hamilton, 2005). Organizational design is to a large extent guided by the flow of information across various levels and departments. Entrepreneurs re-engineer business processes to accommodate a flatter form of organization structure that necessitates free flow of information and knowledge to the workforce. Organizational structure plays a pivotal role in determining organizational culture and values, communication lines and the extent of employee involvement in decision making process. The levels of reporting and accountability framework of a company determine the corporate culture and work environment existing within the company. In current business context, entrepreneurs re-engineer business processes to accommodate a flatter organization structure that necessitates free flow of information and knowledge to the workforce. Knowledge and learning culture forms the key to business success in todays competitive industry. Pixar has managed to leverage existing technology tools to create competitive adv antage through enhancing its competencies and skills to adapt to new systems and innovate work processes for launching and creating new ideas. The effectiveness of such work processes is largely impacted by employee skills, competencies and access to relevant information. In the organizational context, knowledge is a tool that helps the organization to achieve strategic goals and objectives. These goals include generating a reputation for technical expertise, translating expertise into new business ideas, gaining new experience in specific areas to achieve cost advantage and optimum use of internal resources. At Pixar the open organization design facilitates interaction between employees that promotes teamwork. Such initiatives contribute to organizational productivity by providing the employees with a suitable physical environment to work in. Pixar presents a fine blending of learning and team work assisted by an open organizational design that enables the company to roll out new ideas and creative products for their target audience. Advantages of Organizational Aesthetics Workplace design and physical office environment plays a significant role in enhancing organizational productivity and performance. Research studies have concluded that improvements in office design and management are not the only consideration for organizational productivity, but they have an important role to play; offices should be considered as a potential asset rather than just a space to house employees (Charles Zweirzchowski, 2004). Organizational aesthetics take into account the need for designing workspaces to meet the work process requirements. Adequate space designing for privacy of work, open office plans to promote teamwork and interaction between co-workers support the organizational goals by providing the employees with the desired workspace. Technology has created new expectations and influenced consumer behavior to include a wide gamut of options and possibilities that can be explored by organizations to launch new trends and range of products. Such business models are supported by increased collaboration and interaction between employees across different departments. The open design office structure supported by Pixar enables the employees to communicate and discuss freely the work issues and details. Discussions and deliberations on work issues are effective in promoting work efficiency and enable the companies to come up with million dollar ideas. The right mix of design and functionality while planning office spaces can have a positive impact on organizational productivity and performance through reduced operational costs in the form of shared resources and effective teamwork. Types of office design The conventional office design and workplace layout have undergone massive transformations over the past few decades. The previous sections have elaborated on the significance of organizational aesthetics in developing creative potentials within the firm and the analysis highlights the impacts that structural design has on employee productivity and performance. Efficient workplace design can positively impact employee motivation levels and satisfaction. Theoretical frameworks in this context have emphasized the significance of workplace design and office layout plans in supporting organizational goals, work processes, innovative culture and business values. Bill Capodagli in an interview with the Credit Union Magazine recently commented that the success behind Pixar lay in its conceptualisation of a corporate playground that enabled its employees to relax and enjoy within the organization. When you go there, you may see people playing football or swimming in an Olympic sized pool. It has created an atmosphere where work is fun working hard and playing hard (Capodagli Credit Union, 2010). Pixar has adopted an open office design that enables its employees to share ideas, conceptualise new designs and initiate new practices for effective results. An analysis of the effectiveness of the office design theories put forward by Duffy (1997) reveals interesting insights into the Pixar model. Duffy (1997) in his works had proposed four distinct types of office design namely den, club, hive and cell. The matrix given below illustrates the extent to which these four office design types support interaction and autonomy in organizations The work culture at Pixar shows a high degree of team work and interaction between employees. The organization as studied in the previous sections supports a participative decision making process. The daily work of the employees is reviewed by peers and managers for assessing the effectiveness of outcomes (Capodagli, 2010). Hence the work environment at Pixar supports limited autonomy combined with high level of interactivity that is characterized by the Den office design as postulated by Duffy (1997). The effectiveness of such office design is emphasized by its contribution in motivating and inspiring employees towards creativity. Such workplace design according to Van der Voodt (2004) promotes a transparent organizational structure, enables employee empowerment, encourages team work, promotes learning, facilitates free flow of information, allows increased collaboration at work and creates a motivational environment. It can be inferred from the above discussion that organizational design and workplace layout must focus on enabling increased collaborative environment within the departments and hierarchies. Organization Culture and Workplace Environment The previous section highlighted the significance of organizational aesthetics and workplace design in shaping the Pixar work culture. However, the analysis of the success mantra of Pixar cannot be complete without an insight into its organizational culture that is reflected in its workplace environment. Organization culture defines the organizational belief, values and norms shared by the employees. An organization is shaped by the culture that predominates in work environment, employee behaviour and managerial attitude. Pixar adopts an organization culture that defies all traditional theories related to managing and running a business establishment. Conventional management practices focused on bureaucratic controls and centralised decision making system that demarcated distinctive roles for each individuals. The evolving concepts of organizational culture and practices focus more on employee welfare and development plans that inspire the workforce to display proactive behaviour at work. One of the distinctive challenges faced by all organizations today is motivating its employees to achieve higher levels of performance and build a work climate that induces positive attitude to work amongst its employees. Motivation is a key area where the organizational management needs to stand out in order to achieve a high degree of employee creativity skills in solving business problems. Opportunity oriented, reward oriented, freedom to explore and work on their own are some of the factors which contribute to a high degree of motivation which gives solidarity to the company and promotes a good organizational culture. A high degree of employe e motivation ensures that employees work freely and without reservations in achieving their desired goals. They are also given the freedom to work on their own to allow creative ideas and hence innovative practices to grow. This would not be possible in a restricting environment where the employees do not have the room to develop and grow their intrinsic creativity skills. Pixar adopted the innovative and creative approach to expand its market potentials and gain new grounds in an emerging industry. The promoters of the Company ensured that the team based work approach promoted creative talents of its employees and nurtured the potentials of the workforce through an enabling corporate learning environment. This is a new kind of movie studio that not only invents its own technology, much like a whiz-bang Silicon Valley Company, but also comes up with new production methods and organizational innovations that bring unheard of discipline to the crazy business of making movies (Schlender, 2004). Model of culture Different models of organizational culture have been proposed by researchers and academicians. Such models provide the basis for understanding the context in which organizations operate within the existing business environment. One of the models proposed by Roger Harrison (1972) suggested that organizational culture is primarily of four types that include power, role, task/achievement and person/support (Cartwright Cooper, 2000). This model was further researched by Handy to provide four distinctive categories of organization culture. The four categories have been identified as role culture, power culture, person culture, and task culture. The role culture reflects bureaucratic organization that takes into account the procedures and position of employees to define the existing work culture. The power culture is influenced by the control of individuals at the head who run the whole show for the business. The person culture is shaped by the leader-subordinate relationship that accounts for the existing work culture. The task culture is based on impact of individual knowledge and expertise that influences the work culture and environment (Itzen Nerwman, 2005). The organizational culture displayed at Pixar focuses on increased collaboration and team work culture. The creativity at Pixar is fostered daily by an open collaborative atmosphere in which every member of the team is engaged in the process and commited to a common goal in this case, a good entertaining story (Kiedaisch, 2010). The company adopts an integrated approach towards its people development strategies based on group learning initiatives and team work focus. One of the mechanisms adopted by organizations today is the reinforcement of team work that provides the individuals with the autonomy and freedom to act according to the need of the hour. Teams at Pixar are an integral part of operational processes and the organization relies extensively on teams to perform strategic functions. The team learning process is not only innovative and inspiring to the members but it also helps the organization devise new strategies and creative ideas that can work wonders for the business. Hence it can be concluded that Pixar displays task culture where individual expertise and skills are integrated with organizational capabilities and resources to produce new ideas and product designs. The task culture brings individuals working on specific tasks together to contribute to the completion of a bigger task. The work approach focuses on completing the job at hand successfully and more emphasis is given to a collaborative approach that necessitates the coming together of differently skilled people to accomplish the goal. Hence this kind of work culture promotes an informal work environment where decision making is usually reached through discussions and consensus between the employees. This type of work culture is also characterized by increased interaction and exchange of information between members. Suggested applicable solutions In order for an organization to remain relevant and to compete in pursuit of its mission, management of organizations must pay attention to both ends of the process, generating creative ideas frequently and utilizing its innovation process to realize the potential value of those ideas (McLean, 2005). Organizations operating in a competitive business environment depend on innovation and creativity through the adoption of latest technology tools and applications to drive market advantage in their favour. Management of technology and its judicious application in work processes facilitate the firms to deliver high quality products and superior work performance that is driven by an enabling work culture. Adopting work practices that promote creativity and innovation within firms can be a challenging task since the application of such business models are impacted by the human resource strategies, managerial capabilities and resource availability (Gilmartin, 1999). Studies of such business models in creative organizations have proved the effectiveness of these strategies that promote innovation and a positive work culture within the workforce. An analysis of the competitive industry environment provides a clear picture on the existing market environment and its current trends. The driving economic forces that guide the market movements and emergent technology trends are significant to the analysis of markets and help organizations like Pixar to define appropriate strategies to retain competitive advantage. Futuristic technologies are envisioned to create better and increased utility of existing products and services for improved applications and heightened consumer satisfaction. However, the effective utilisation of such technology trends depends on the creativity of its manpower. Creativity contributes to the generation of new ideas and help companies in distinguishing their products and services from their competitors in the market. Pursuing a creative organization approach must focus on developing the human resource of the organization. Conclusion The analysis of Pixar work culture and organizational aesthetics have highlighted some significant points in context of strengthening the innovative capabilities of a company. While office workspace design and structure play a significant role in influencing a positive work environment the role of organizational culture and strategic practices involving team work, participative leadership approach and employee empowerment in promoting creativity among employees cannot be ignored. The guiding principle behind managerial strategies and focus of the organization has been nurturing relationships and building trust among employees that helps in creating an amiable and creative work environment. If we get that right, the result is a vibrant community where talented people are loyal to one another and their collective work, everyone feels that they part of something extraordinary, and their passion and accomplishments make the community a magnet for talented people coming out of schools or working at other places (Catmull, 2008).